利用微卫星标记分析4个猪品种的遗传结构

利用5个微卫星标记对4个猪品种(山西马身猪、大白猪、长白猪和太原花猪)的遗传结构进行了分析,计算了遗传杂合度、有效等位基因数,得到了由Nei氏标准遗传距离为基础的NJ聚类图。结果表明:大白猪与马身猪以及大白猪与太原花猪的遗传关系较远,而山西马身猪与太原花猪的遗传关系较近;山西马身猪与太原花猪的进化历史相近,大白猪与山西马身猪组合及大白猪与太原花猪的组合,可能产生较大的杂种优势。     

猪CFL2b/荧光蛋白融合基因在小鼠成肌细胞中的表达与定位

[目的]了解猪CFL2b基因在成肌细胞中的表达与定位。[方法]用RT-PCR方法扩增得到猪CFL2b基因,连接到T载体上,双酶切后通过定向克隆将其与真核表达载体pEGFP-N1的绿色荧光蛋白基因融合,构建CFL2b-荧光蛋白融合基因表达载体。然后经真核表达质粒-脂质体介导,导入C2C12细胞系。[结果]荧光显微镜观察显示:在空白载体pEGFP-N1转染的C2C12细胞中荧光布满整个细胞,而在转染阳性载体pEGFP-N1-CFL2b的C2C12细胞中荧光主要聚集在细胞质的肌动蛋白丝。表明转染的C2C12细胞系能够高效表达猪CFL2b蛋白,猪CFL2b基因表达的蛋白定位于细胞质中。[结论]该研究为CFL2b基因的功能及该基因与猪肉质性状的相关性的研究奠定了基础。     

猪卵母细胞孤雌激活的研究

从卵母细胞孤雌激活的机制及影响因素,猪卵母细胞的激活,猪孤雌胚死亡主要原因,提高卵母细胞孤雌激活效果的技术途径,以及对孤雌激活的研究意义和发展前景等方面,对猪卵母细胞孤雌激活研究进行了综述.     

猪粪麦秆不同比例混合厌氧发酵特性试验

以猪粪、麦秆为原料,研究了35℃下二者按不同比例混合对厌氧消化产沼气的影响,分析了消化过程中日产气量、累积产气量、甲烷含量、原料去除率、pH值以及氨态氮质量浓度的变化。结果表明,猪粪与麦秆配比（干物质量比）1∶1时产气量最大,为383.0mL/g,是麦秆单独发酵产气量（231.8mL/g）的1.6倍;混合原料（猪粪和麦秆配比分别为1∶1、2∶1、3∶1）的VS去除率均在37%以上,比麦秆提高12.0%～26.9%;添加猪粪可提高发酵液中氨态氮含量,较麦秆提高35.6%～64.8%。因此,合理调控粪秆混合厌氧发酵的比例,能提高秸秆的产气率和利用率。     

冬季猪舍粪便贮存过程中CH4排放特征试验

利用丹麦猪舍和液态猪粪便进行了CH4气体排放测试,比较了3种粪坑内粪便高度（0.15、0.40、0.65m）、4种通风量（211、650、1852、3088m3/h）、粪坑内有无挡板情况下冬季猪舍粪便贮存过程中CH4排放通量。测试结果表明：粪便高度、粪便温度和通风量可以用来解释大部分的CH4排放通量变化差异;对于使用渗透性天花板进气和负压通风排气系统,4种通风量之间CH4排放通量差异不显著,但由于通风量的增加同时会降低舍内与粪坑内空气温度和粪便温度,因此要综合考虑通风量和温度对气体排放通量的影响;液态猪粪便中CH4排放通量随着粪坑内粪便高度的降低而减少;设置粪坑挡板对粪坑内CH4排放没有影响;敏感性分析表明CH4排放通量相对于粪便温度、粪便高度和通风量的敏感性依次减小（敏感度依次减小）。在较低的通风量和粪便高度变化区间,CH4排放通量变化的敏感性要高于较高的通风量和粪便高度变化区间,但对于粪便温度变化趋势正好相反。     

苦荞对高寒山区杂交猪育肥及屠宰性能的影响

为研究12％、24％苦荞代替育肥猪日粮中部分玉米和麸皮对猪育肥及屠宰性能的影响,试验选取体重20kg左右健康大白猪（加×美）二元杂种猪仔猪24头（3～4周龄断奶,保育到8周龄）随机分为3组,即对照组、苦荞Ⅰ组和苦荞Ⅱ组,每组8头。试验结果表明,12％苦荞组能提高外二元猪育肥效果,且对眼肌面积与大理石纹指标也有提高,与对...     

Identification of the tet(B) resistance gene in Streptococcus suis

The tetracycline resistance gene, tet(B), has been described previously in Gram negative bacteria. In this study tet(B) was detected in plasmid extracts from 17/111 (15%) Streptococcus suis isolates from diseased pigs, representing the first report of this resistance gene in Gram positive bacteria.     

Immunisation of pigs with a major envelope protein sub-unit vaccine against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) results in enhanced clinical disease following experimental challenge

Disease exacerbation was observed in pigs challenged with virulent porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) following immunisation with a recombinant GP5 sub-unit PRRSV vaccine (rGP5) produced in E. coli. Eighteen animals were divided into three experimental groups: group A were immunised twice IM with rGP5, 21 days apart; group B acted as positive controls (challenged but not immunised); and group C were negative controls. Pigs in groups A and B were challenged 21 days after the second immunisation of the group A animals. Following challenge, three pigs given rGP5 exhibited more severe clinical signs than the positive controls, including respiratory distress and progressive weight-loss. Although not statistically significant, the more severe disease exhibited by group A animals may suggest previous immunisation as a contributory factor. The mechanisms of these findings remain unclear and no association could be established between the severity of disease, non-neutralising antibody concentrations and tissue viral loads.     

猪场常见繁殖系统疾病的临床区别诊断

布氏杆菌病、细小病毒感染、猪繁殖与呼吸障碍综合征(PRRS)、猪瘟、猪伪狂犬病、猪乙型脑炎、猪附红细胞体病、衣原体、猪钩端螺旋体及饲料霉菌毒素中毒都共同出现流产症状,同时也有很多不同点。本文根据临床经验,将其归纳整理,系统地比较各病之间的不同点,为临床兽医正确区别诊断这类疾病提供宝贵的经验。     

Compared effects of long-term pig slurry applications and mineral fertilization on soil denitrification and its end products (N2O, N2)

The long-term (9 years) effect of pig slurry applications vs mineral fertilization on denitrifying activity, N₂O production and soil organic carbon (C) (extractable C, microbial biomass C and total organic C) was compared at three soil depths of adjacent plots. The denitrifying activities were measured on undisturbed soil cores and on sieved soil samples with acetylene method to estimate denitrification rates under field or potential conditions. Pig slurry applications had a moderate impact on the C pools. Total organic C was increased by +6.5% and microbial biomass C by ≥25%. The potential denitrifying activity on soil suspension was stimulated (×1.8, P<0.05) 12 days after the last slurry application. This stimulation was still apparent, but not significant, 10 months later and, according to both methods of denitrifying activity measurement (r ²=0.916, P<0.01 on sieved soil; r ²=0.845, P<0.001 on soil cores), was associated with an increase in microbial biomass C above a threshold of about 105 mg kg⁻¹. The effect of pig slurry on denitrification and N₂O reduction rates was detected on the surface layer (0–20 cm) only. However, no pig slurry effect could be detected on soil cores at field conditions or after NO₃ ⁻ enrichments at 20°C. Although the potential denitrifying activity in sieved soil samples was stimulated, the N₂O production was lower (P<0.03) in the plot fertilized with pig slurry, indicating a lower N₂O/(N₂O + N₂) ratio of the released gases. The pig-slurry-fertilized plot also showed a higher N₂O reduction activity, which is coherent with the lower N₂O production in anaerobiosis.